Professional dominatrix Madelaine Thomas is far from your average startup entrepreneur. After multiple instances of clients distributing her private explicit images, she felt "angry enough to take action" and looked to technology for answers.
"Those were beautiful pictures, I'm unapologetic of the photographs, I'm embarrassed of the manner that they were weaponized by an individual who I don't know," explained Madelaine.
Little over a year since launching her company, Image Angel, which uses covert digital tracking to track abusers, has garnered significant recognition and was cited as best practice in an government-commissioned study earlier this year.
This marks quite a departure from her previous career in offering consensual sexual encounters, dominating clients in the realms of BDSM.
Intimate image abuse, commonly known as revenge porn, is a criminal offence with perpetrators risking two years in prison.
It is far from an issue exclusively faced by those in the sex industry. A report suggests that approximately 1.42% of the UK female population is affected by this form of abuse each year.
Madelaine, 37, said victims lived with feelings of humiliation. "I think a lot of people will comment, 'you shared a saucy picture out on the internet, what do you anticipate?'," she noted.
"I demand dignity, I expect consideration, and I expect confidence, and I fail to understand why those are negotiable," she added. "The fact that those images could be then shared in my community or with people I love and employed to cause them pain, that's beyond, that's not a decision I made, that's not an error on my part, that's an individual being an abuser."
Madelaine has been working as a dominatrix, mainly online, for a decade and consistently found her work liberating and satisfying. "It's me as a dominant woman, a woman who is confident and powerful, giving my body as a treat to someone because I wish to," she said.
"People think it's unusual but I don't see it any differently to a nutritionist or an financial advisor providing a service," she remarked.
She welcomes being a unique figure in the world of tech. "I understand that it's unconventional, it's crazy to think that an individual who was a dominatrix is now a creator of a tech company, but it took someone who has experienced it firsthand to understand the flaws and the modifications that needed to happen," she stated.
She insisted she was not technically inclined and was able to build her company after a lot of sleepless nights, investigation and "consulting experts" who know about tech.
Image Angel can be used by any digital service where people exchange photos, for instance dating apps, social networks and websites.
When an image is viewed by a viewer, it is automatically embedded with an undetectable digital marker which is specific to that viewer.
This covert marker is embedded into the digital file of the image itself and can withstand screen shots, being altered and being re-captured with a different camera.
It means that if you find out your image has been circulated without your consent, providing the service you posted it on has the technology embedded, the sharer's information will be hidden within the image and can be retrieved by a data recovery specialist so legal steps can follow.
To date, one platform has adopted her tech and she's in talks with many others.
"This technology is already in use in the film industry, it is employed in sports broadcasting so this is not an untested concept, it's just a new application and a different framework," explained Madelaine.
"We have validated it, we're collaborating with a company that has 30 years experience in tech development so we are confident that this is solid and what we now need to do is deploy it widely," she continued.
She expressed hope she believed the technology would also act as a preventive measure to would-be intimate image abusers.
An expert from a leading helpline commented she had seen first-hand the trauma and guilt intimate image abuse inflicted on victims.
"If that self-blame is reinforced by a uninformed acquaintance or service who says 'well, why did you take those images in the first place?' that self blame can really be reinforced so it's really important that the support somebody is provided with is that they have committed no error," she stated.
She added it was inspiring that Madelaine was using her experience to bring about change, saying: "It is vital to have this comprehensive strategy towards addressing tech facilitated gender-based abuse, because no one tool is going to be able to tackle this alone, not just support services, it needs to be this integrated effort."
TV presenter Jess Davies was only fifteen when images of her in her underwear were circulated within her local community. It was the beginning of multiple violations Jess experienced in her youth that would later inform her women's rights campaigning.
"It took so long, too long for someone to say to me, 'it wasn't your fault' and 'that was wrong'," said Jess.
She too is dedicated to eliminating the shame of intimate image abuse from the survivors to the perpetrators. "It isn't a crime to willingly share an image to someone," stated Jess.
"However, it is illegal to circulate that non-consensually and I think that should invariably be where the responsibility is," she concluded.
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